Services Data Sheets
In our continuing endeavour to offer core services to the tool making industry, we are pleased to announce the commissioning of our Metallurgical Laboratory which now enables us to provide sophisticated mechanical testing, and chemical analysis of metals as an additional service to our customers. Browse our scope and range of the services offered together with the scale of charges for each test.
HARDENING AND TEMPERING OF TOOL AND DIE STEELS
Hardening involves controlled heating to a critical temperature dictated by the type of steel (in the range 760- 1300°C) followed by controlled cooling. Dependent on the type of material, appropriate cooling rates vary from very fast (water quench) to very slow (air cool). Tempering involves reheating the hardened tool/die to a temperature between 150-675°C, depending on the steel type. A process which controls final properties whilst relieving stresses after hardening, tempering can be com- plex; some steels must be subjected to multiple tempering operations.
NITRIDING AND NITROCARBURISING
Gaseous Nitriding is conducted in gas (490-560°C) for treatment times ranging up to 90 hours and involves the diffusion of nitrogen into the surface to produce a controlled depth of hard alloy-nitrides. Unlike the high-temperature case-hardening treatments (carburizing / carbonitriding), hardening is achieved without the need for quenching. Nitrocarburising is generally of shorter duration (30 minutes - 5 hours), involves enrichment of the surface with both nitrogen and carbon to impart a thin iron-carbonitride “compound layer” supported by a nitrogen-bearing “diffusion zone” and conducted at temperatures of 560-580°C.
ANTICIPATING THE HARDENING RESPONSE OF ALUMINIUM-BEARING PLAIN-CARBON STEELS
Addressed the unexpectedly poor response (low hardness and/or case depth), of a steel containing significant levels of aluminium, after heat treatment under normal conditions which would otherwise be expected to yield satisfactory results.
CARBURISING AND CARBONITRIDING (CASE HARDENING)
Carburising and carbonitriding are “thermochemical” treatments, usually conducted at temperatures in the range 800-940°C, in the first stage of “case-hardening”. These processes change the chemical composition of the surface of a low-carbon steel component so that subsequent fast cooling, by “quenching”, produces a hard “case” combined with a softer/tougher “core”. Quenching is normally followed by a low-temperature tempering / stress relieving treatment.
INDUCTION HARDENING
Induction hardening is a method for hardening the surfaces of components, usually in selected areas, by the short-time application of high-intensity heating followed by quenching. The heating and hardening effects are localised and the depth of hardening is controllable. Unlike thermochemical case-hardening treatments (carburising / carbonitriding) applied to low-carbon steels, induction hardening does not promote chemical enrichment of the surface with carbon, but rely on the presence of an adequate carbon content already in the material to achieve the hardness level required.
STRESS RELIEVING, NORMALISING AND ANNEALING
Stress relieving is applied to both ferrous and non-ferrous alloys and is intended to remove internal residual stresses generated by prior manufacturing processes such as machining, cold rolling and welding. Normalising is applied to some, but not all, engineering steels, normalising can soften, harden or stress relieve a material, depending on its initial state. The objective of the treatment is to counter the effects of prior processes, such as casting, forging or rolling, by refining the existing non-uniform structure into one which enhances machinability/formability or, in certain product forms, meets final mechanical property requirements. The primary purpose of an annealing treatment is to reduce the hardness of a material and facilitate the progress of subsequent manufacturing operations.
Services Details
HARDNESS TESTING
Most hardness tests consist of the penetration of the metal surface by a very hard indenter under load. The size of the resultant indent, with due regard for the applied load, is a measure of the hardness of the metal. Hardness can thus be defined as the resistance to indentation of a material. We offer a suite of Hardness tests
TENSILE TESTING
A prepared sample of material is pulled apart under an axial load, determining the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the material.
CHARPY IMPACT TEST
A useful test to determine the degree of embrittlement (if any) of the test material
METALLOGRAPHY
Inspection of the microstructure of a metal sample
FAILURE ANALYSIS
Undertaking of a detailed investigation of failure including various inspections and analysis techniques.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
A non-mechanical test to determine the mechanical properties of engineering alloys and their response to heat treatment
OUR SERVICE PRICING
HARDNESS TESTING
€50 - Fixed Setup*
*Micro Hardness Test requires "Mounting" of test piece - €90
€
20
00
/Test
Vikers Hardness Test
Rockwell Hardness Test
Brinell Hardness Test
Micro Hardness Test
TENSILE TESTING
€50 - Fixed Setup*
Machining of tensile test samples (if required) - €70 per Hour
€
65
00
/Test
Tensometer
Yield Strength
Tensile Strength
Elongation
CHARPY IMPACT TEST
€50 - Fixed Setup*
Machining of tensile test samples (if required) - €70 per Hour
€
25
00
/Test
Impact Test
Impact Loading
Joules to Fracture
Embrittlement
METALLOGRAPHY
€50 - Fixed Setup*€50 - Fixed Mounting
Presentation of written report - €85
€
25
00
/image
Microstructure Inspection
Grain Size Determination
Case Depth Measurement
Microstructure Photography
FAILURE ANALYSIS
Typical minimum cost of investigation - €2,500
Includes a written final Report
€
poa
/case by case
Visual Inspection
Chemical Analysis
Metallography
Fractography
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Written report confirming material grade - €25Sectioning of sample (if required) - €35
€
65
00
/Analysis
Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES)
Grey Cast Iron Specific Test
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties